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蝸輪蝸桿減速機常見問題分析及改進
蝸(gua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)蝸(gua)桿減(jian)(jian)速機常見問題(ti)分析(xi)及改(gai)進。蝸(gua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)蝸(gua)桿減(jian)(jian)速機經(jing)過使用幾個月后發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)故障，經(jing)開箱(xiang)檢(jian)查發(fa)(fa)現(xian)蝸(gua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)齒(chi)損壞嚴重，箱(xiang)內油池內含有大量銅屑，其余零件(jian)完好。蝸(gua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)蝸(gua)桿發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)損壞主要(yao)表現(xian)為(wei)蝸(gua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)齒(chi)面膠合磨損，對材質進行(xing)檢(jian)驗并沒有發(fa)(fa)現(xian)問題(ti)，初步(bu)判(pan)斷應該為(wei)減(jian)(jian)速機蝸(gua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)齒(chi)面強度(du)(du)不(bu)足。RV減(jian)(jian)速機蝸(gua)桿是(shi)細長桿，由優質碳素(su)鋼(gang)或合金鋼(gang)制造成的高強度(du)(du)元件(jian)，除剛度(du)(du)需要(yao)校(xiao)(xiao)核計(ji)算(suan)外，齒(chi)面強度(du)(du)和(he)抗彎強度(du)(du)遠(yuan)高于(yu)RV減(jian)(jian)速機蝸(gua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)齒(chi)面，所以(yi)強度(du)(du)設(she)計(ji)校(xiao)(xiao)核計(ji)算(suan)僅對蝸(gua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)，不(bu)考(kao)慮蝸(gua)桿, 況且(qie)實際使用中也沒有發(fa)(fa)現(xian)蝸(gua)桿損壞，又因蝸(gua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)的抗彎強度(du)(du)遠(yuan)高于(yu)其齒(chi)面強度(du)(du)，故圓(yuan)柱蝸(gua)桿傳(chuan)動(dong)的強度(du)(du)設(she)計(ji)、校(xiao)(xiao)核計(ji)算(suan)是(shi)指RV減(jian)(jian)速機蝸(gua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)齒(chi)面強度(du)(du)計(ji)算(suan)。
RV減速機，NMRV減速機,渦輪渦桿減速機，WP蝸輪蝸桿減速機，FC蝸輪蝸桿減速機
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RV減速機蝸(gua)輪(lun)(lun)齒(chi)面的(de)主要(yao)失效形式是膠(jiao)合(he)磨損，蝸(gua)輪(lun)(lun)蝸(gua)桿減速器(qi)齒(chi)面磨損與承(cheng)受的(de)接觸應(ying)力大(da)小有關，再注入(ru)影響膠(jiao)合(he)磨損的(de)各種修正系(xi)數，就可以給出齒(chi)面強度計算。本篇文章分析了蝸(gua)輪(lun)(lun)蝸(gua)桿減速機頻繁損壞的(de)現(xian)象，通過具體(ti)的(de)理論(lun)計算和強度校核終確定了損壞原因，并(bing)提出了新的(de)設計方(fang)案，進行(xing)了重新設計。
改進措施：RV減(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)類型由(you)阿基米德圓柱(zhu)(zhu)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)副(fu)更(geng)改為平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)二次包(bao)絡(luo)環(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)副(fu)。分度(du)曲(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)為圓環(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)統稱環(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)，環(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)與(yu)相(xiang)配蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪組(zu)成(cheng)環(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)副(fu)稱為環(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)，環(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)齒(chi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)通常(chang)用(yong)直線或曲(qu)線刃(ren)廓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)車刀采用(yong)軌跡法(fa)刨成(cheng)，亦(yi)可(ke)用(yong)產形面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)為平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)（或曲(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)）采用(yong)展成(cheng)法(fa)刨成(cheng)。與(yu)圓柱(zhu)(zhu)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)相(xiang)比，蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)減(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)具有(you)如(ru)下優點(dian)：由(you)于減(jian)速(su)(su)箱(xiang)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)包(bao)圍蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪，同(tong)時(shi)參與(yu)工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)RV減(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪齒(chi)數多，有(you)較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)合度(du)；在蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪齒(chi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嚙(nie)合區(qu)內，嚙(nie)合點(dian)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角在65度(du)-85度(du)之間變化(hua)，這是環(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)優于圓柱(zhu)(zhu)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標志之，故環(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)觸線形狀極(ji)有(you)利于共軛齒(chi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)間動(dong)壓油膜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)，具有(you)潤滑狀態好、磨損小(xiao)、傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)效率高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)。
環(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)共軛齒(chi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)間具有二次嚙合和(he)(he)雙接(jie)(jie)觸線(xian)的(de)(de)嚙合特(te)(te)性，明顯(xian)的(de)(de)增大了小接(jie)(jie)觸線(xian)長度(du)(du)，這是優于圓(yuan)柱蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)又重(zhong)要(yao)標志。另外(wai)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)輪蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)減(jian)(jian)速機(ji)環(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)誘導曲(qu)率(lv)半徑較大，故共軛齒(chi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)間接(jie)(jie)觸應力明顯(xian)減(jian)(jian)小。綜(zong)合所(suo)述，環(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)具有承載(zai)(zai)(zai)能(neng)力大、傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)效率(lv)高(gao)、工作(zuo)平(ping)穩、振動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)小、噪音(yin)低，結構(gou)緊湊的(de)(de)特(te)(te)點。但環(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)加工工藝較復雜，安裝精(jing)度(du)(du)要(yao)求高(gao)，需要(yao)專(zhuan)用(yong)設(she)備，滾刀制(zhi)造困難，成本(ben)高(gao)。環(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)所(suo)用(yong)材料、熱處理工藝與圓(yuan)柱蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)基本(ben)相同，以環(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)咽喉平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)為計(ji)算(suan)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，在環(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)斜齒(chi)輪減(jian)(jian)速機(ji)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)中間平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)內，其受(shou)力分(fen)析與圓(yuan)柱蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)完全相同，環(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)種(zhong)類(lei)繁多，不同的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)有不同的(de)(de)承載(zai)(zai)(zai)能(neng)力，實踐證(zheng)明平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)二次包絡環(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)承載(zai)(zai)(zai)能(neng)力高(gao)于直(zhi)廓環(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，環(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)強(qiang)度(du)(du)高(gao)于蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)輪強(qiang)度(du)(du)，蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)輪的(de)(de)辦齒(chi)抗彎(wan)強(qiang)度(du)(du)高(gao)于齒(chi)輪的(de)(de)齒(chi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)強(qiang)度(du)(du)，對(dui)于環(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)強(qiang)度(du)(du)計(ji)算(suan)到(dao)目(mu)前為止還沒有完整可靠的(de)(de)強(qiang)度(du)(du)計(ji)算(suan)方(fang)法，現多用(yong)圖表法或(huo)借助外(wai)的(de)(de)功率(lv)表進行強(qiang)校核計(ji)算(suan)和(he)(he)選用(yong)，根(gen)據實際(ji)設(she)計(ji)選用(yong)的(de)(de)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)輪蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)參數
蝸輪(lun)(lun)蝸桿減(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)常(chang)見問題分析(xi)及改進，RV減(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)，NMRV減(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji),渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun)渦(wo)桿減(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)，WP蝸輪(lun)(lun)蝸桿減(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)，FC蝸輪(lun)(lun)蝸桿減(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)。
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