蝸輪蝸桿減速機損壞原因分析及改進

文章出處：admin 人氣：發表時間：2019-10-28 11:33

蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)(lun)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)減(jian)速(su)(su)機損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)壞(huai)原因(yin)(yin)分析及改進(jin)。蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)(lun)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)減(jian)速(su)(su)機經過使用幾個月后發(fa)生故障，經開箱檢查(cha)發(fa)現(xian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)(lun)輪(lun)(lun)輪(lun)(lun)齒損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)壞(huai)嚴重，箱內油池內含有大量銅屑，其余零件(jian)完好。蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)(lun)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)發(fa)生損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)壞(huai)主要(yao)表現(xian)為蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)(lun)齒面(mian)(mian)(mian)膠合(he)磨(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)，對材(cai)質進(jin)行檢驗并(bing)沒(mei)有發(fa)現(xian)問題，初步判斷(duan)應該為減(jian)速(su)(su)機蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)(lun)齒面(mian)(mian)(mian)強度(du)(du)不足。RV減(jian)速(su)(su)機蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)是細長(chang)桿(gan)，由優(you)質碳素(su)鋼(gang)或合(he)金(jin)鋼(gang)制造成的高強度(du)(du)元件(jian)，除剛度(du)(du)需(xu)要(yao)校(xiao)核(he)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)外，齒面(mian)(mian)(mian)強度(du)(du)和抗(kang)彎(wan)強度(du)(du)遠高于RV減(jian)速(su)(su)機蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)(lun)齒面(mian)(mian)(mian)，所(suo)以強度(du)(du)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)校(xiao)核(he)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)僅對蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)(lun)，不考慮(lv)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan), 況(kuang)且實際(ji)使用中也沒(mei)有發(fa)現(xian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)壞(huai)，又因(yin)(yin)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)(lun)的抗(kang)彎(wan)強度(du)(du)遠高于其齒面(mian)(mian)(mian)強度(du)(du)，故圓柱蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)傳動(dong)的強度(du)(du)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)、校(xiao)核(he)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)是指RV減(jian)速(su)(su)機蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)(lun)齒面(mian)(mian)(mian)強度(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)。

RV減速機，NMRV減速機,渦輪渦桿減速機

RV減(jian)(jian)速(su)機蝸(gua)輪齒面(mian)的主要失效形式(shi)是(shi)膠合(he)磨(mo)(mo)損，蝸(gua)輪蝸(gua)桿減(jian)(jian)速(su)器齒面(mian)磨(mo)(mo)損與承受的接觸應力大小有關，再注(zhu)入(ru)影響膠合(he)磨(mo)(mo)損的各種(zhong)修正系(xi)數，就可以給出齒面(mian)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)計算。本篇文章分(fen)析了蝸(gua)輪蝸(gua)桿減(jian)(jian)速(su)機頻繁損壞的現象，通過具(ju)體的理論計算和(he)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)校核終(zhong)確定(ding)了損壞原(yuan)因，并提出了新的設(she)計方案，進行了重新設(she)計。

改進措施：RV減(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)(lun)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)類(lei)型由(you)阿(a)基米德圓柱蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)副(fu)更改為平面(mian)(mian)(mian)二次包絡環(huan)(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)副(fu)。分度(du)曲面(mian)(mian)(mian)為圓環(huan)(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)統稱(cheng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)，環(huan)(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)與(yu)相(xiang)配(pei)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)(lun)組成(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)副(fu)稱(cheng)為環(huan)(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)，環(huan)(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)齒面(mian)(mian)(mian)通常(chang)用直線(xian)或(huo)曲線(xian)刃(ren)廓的(de)(de)(de)車刀采(cai)用軌跡(ji)法(fa)刨成(cheng)(cheng)，亦(yi)可用產形(xing)面(mian)(mian)(mian)為平面(mian)(mian)(mian)（或(huo)曲面(mian)(mian)(mian)）采(cai)用展(zhan)成(cheng)(cheng)法(fa)刨成(cheng)(cheng)。與(yu)圓柱蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)相(xiang)比，蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)(lun)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)減(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)面(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)具(ju)有(you)如下優點(dian)：由(you)于減(jian)速(su)(su)箱(xiang)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)包圍蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)(lun)，同時參與(yu)工作的(de)(de)(de)RV減(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)(lun)齒數多(duo)，有(you)較大的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)合(he)度(du)；在蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)(lun)齒面(mian)(mian)(mian)上的(de)(de)(de)嚙(nie)合(he)區(qu)內，嚙(nie)合(he)點(dian)處的(de)(de)(de)角在65度(du)-85度(du)之(zhi)間變化，這是環(huan)(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)優于圓柱蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)志之(zhi)，故環(huan)(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)接觸線(xian)形(xing)狀(zhuang)極有(you)利于共軛齒面(mian)(mian)(mian)間動(dong)壓(ya)油(you)膜(mo)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)，具(ju)有(you)潤滑狀(zhuang)態好、磨損(sun)小(xiao)、傳(chuan)動(dong)效率高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)。

環(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)共軛齒(chi)(chi)(chi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)間(jian)具(ju)有二次(ci)嚙(nie)合和雙接觸(chu)(chu)線的嚙(nie)合特性，明(ming)顯(xian)的增大(da)了小(xiao)接觸(chu)(chu)線長度(du)(du)，這是優于(yu)(yu)(yu)圓柱(zhu)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)的又重要標志。另外蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)減速機環(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)誘導曲率(lv)(lv)半(ban)徑較(jiao)大(da)，故共軛齒(chi)(chi)(chi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)間(jian)接觸(chu)(chu)應力(li)明(ming)顯(xian)減小(xiao)。綜合所述(shu)，環(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)具(ju)有承(cheng)(cheng)載(zai)能力(li)大(da)、傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)效率(lv)(lv)高(gao)(gao)、工(gong)作平(ping)穩(wen)、振動(dong)(dong)小(xiao)、噪音低，結構緊湊的特點。但環(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)的加工(gong)工(gong)藝較(jiao)復雜，安裝(zhuang)精(jing)度(du)(du)要求高(gao)(gao)，需要專用(yong)(yong)設(she)備，滾刀制(zhi)造困難，成本(ben)高(gao)(gao)。環(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)所用(yong)(yong)材(cai)料、熱處理工(gong)藝與(yu)圓柱(zhu)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)基本(ben)相同，以(yi)環(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)咽喉平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)為計(ji)算(suan)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，在環(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)斜齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)減速機傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)的中間(jian)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)內，其受力(li)分析與(yu)圓柱(zhu)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)完(wan)全相同，環(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)的種(zhong)類繁多，不同的環(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)有不同的承(cheng)(cheng)載(zai)能力(li)，實踐證明(ming)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)二次(ci)包絡環(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)的承(cheng)(cheng)載(zai)能力(li)高(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)直廓環(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)，環(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)的蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)強(qiang)度(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)強(qiang)度(du)(du)，蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)的辦齒(chi)(chi)(chi)抗彎強(qiang)度(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的齒(chi)(chi)(chi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)強(qiang)度(du)(du)，對于(yu)(yu)(yu)環(huan)(huan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)的強(qiang)度(du)(du)計(ji)算(suan)到目前(qian)為止還沒有完(wan)整(zheng)可靠(kao)的強(qiang)度(du)(du)計(ji)算(suan)方法，現多用(yong)(yong)圖表法或借助外的功率(lv)(lv)表進(jin)行強(qiang)校核計(ji)算(suan)和選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)，根(gen)據(ju)實際設(she)計(ji)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)的蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)輪(lun)蝸(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)桿(gan)(gan)參數。

RV減速(su)機，NMRV減速(su)機,渦輪渦桿減速(su)機

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